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"Between A.D. 800 and 1450, the most important centers for the study of what we now call "the exact sciences"--Including the mathematical sciences of arithmetic, geometry, and trigonometry and their applications in such fields as astronomy, astrology, geography, cartography, and optics - were not in Europe but in the vast, multinational Islamic world." "This book offers an overview of this newly energized field of historical investigation. The topics discussed include cross-cultural transmission; transformations of Greek optics; the philosophy and practice of mathematics; numbers, geometry, and architecture; the transmission of astronomy; and science and medicine in the Maghrib. The emphasis throughout the book is on the transmission of scientific knowledge, either from one culture to another or within the medieval Islamic world."--Jacket.
Science, Medieval. --- Science --- Sciences - General --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Medieval science --- History.
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Science, Medieval --- Medieval science --- Philosophy. --- Geschichte 1200-1500 --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities
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Physics --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Science, Medieval. --- Medieval science --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy.
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An hommage to Gad Freudenthal, this volume offers twenty-two chapters on the history of science and the role of science in Jewish cultures. Written by outstanding scholars from all over the world it is a token of appreciation for Freudenthal's accomplishments in this discipline. The chapters in this volume include editions and translations of source texts in different languages and focus on topics that reflect the problématiques Gad Freudenthal often tackled in his own research: aspects of knowledge transfer, translation processes and the appropriation of knowledge from one culture to another. They are contributions to a better understanding of the cross-cultural contacts in the field of science between Jews, Muslim and Christians in the Middle Ages and early modern times.
Judaism and science. --- Judaism --- Science --- Science, Medieval --- Medieval science --- Science and Judaism --- Jews --- Religions --- Semites --- History --- History. --- Philosophy. --- Religion
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In this critical edition and translation of Nicole Oresme’s On Seeing the Stars , the renowned 14th-century natural philosopher proposes that the stars are not where they seem. And perhaps nothing is where it seems. In this earliest treatise on atmospheric refraction, Oresme uses optics and infinitesimals to help solve this vexing problem of astronomy. He is the first to propose that light travels along a curve through the atmosphere – two centuries before Hooke and Newton, who are credited with the discovery. Further, he calls all sense data into doubt. Oresme’s argument concerning the curvature of light is a major milestone in the history of science, confirming that Oresme was one of the most innovative scientists of the pre-modern world.
Optics --- Refraction, Astronomical --- Science, Medieval --- 509.02 --- Medieval science --- Astronomical refraction --- Refraction --- Spherical astronomy --- Sciences History (500 - 1500)
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Science, Medieval. --- Science, Medieval --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Medieval science --- Albertus, --- Albert, --- Alberthus, --- Alberto, --- Albertus Magnus, --- Magnus Albertus, --- Velikiĭ Albert,
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Science in Medieval Jewish Cultures provides the first comprehensive overview by world-renowned experts of what we know today of medieval Jews' engagement with the sciences. Many medieval Jews, whether living in Islamic or Christian civilizations, joined Maimonides in accepting the rationalist philosophical-scientific tradition and appropriated extensive bodies of scientific knowledge in various disciplines: astronomy, astrology, mathematics, logic, physics, meteorology, biology, psychology, science of language and medicine. The appropriated texts - in the original or in Hebrew translation - were the starting points for Jews' own contributions to medieval science and also informed other literary genres: religious-philosophical works, biblical commentaries and even Halakhic (legal) discussions. This volume's essays will provide readers with background knowledge of medieval scientific thought necessary to properly understand canonical Jewish scientific texts. Its breadth reflects the number and diversity of Jewish cultures in the Middle Ages and the necessity of considering the fortunes of science in each within its specific context.
Jewish scientists --- Science, Medieval. --- Judaism and science --- Science and Judaism --- Science --- Medieval science --- Jews as scientists --- Scientists, Jewish --- Scientists --- History --- Arts and Humanities
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Warriors of the Cloisters tells how key cultural innovations from Central Asia revolutionized medieval Europe and gave rise to the culture of science in the West. Medieval scholars rarely performed scientific experiments, but instead contested issues in natural science, philosophy, and theology using the recursive argument method. This highly distinctive and unusual method of disputation was a core feature of medieval science, the predecessor of modern science. We know that the foundations of science were imported to Western Europe from the Islamic world, but until now the origins of such key elements of Islamic culture have been a mystery. In this provocative book, Christopher I. Beckwith traces how the recursive argument method was first developed by Buddhist scholars and was spread by them throughout ancient Central Asia. He shows how the method was adopted by Islamic Central Asian natural philosophers--most importantly by Avicenna, one of the most brilliant of all medieval thinkers--and transmitted to the West when Avicenna's works were translated into Latin in Spain in the twelfth century by the Jewish philosopher Ibn Da'ud and others. During the same period the institution of the college was also borrowed from the Islamic world. The college was where most of the disputations were held, and became the most important component of medieval Europe's newly formed universities. As Beckwith demonstrates, the Islamic college also originated in Buddhist Central Asia. Using in-depth analysis of ancient Buddhist, Classical Arabic, and Medieval Latin writings, Warriors of the Cloisters transforms our understanding of the origins of medieval scientific culture.
Science, Medieval --- Academic disputations --- Science --- History --- Science, Medieval. --- Academic disputations. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Medieval science --- Disputations, Academic --- Debates and debating --- Dissertations, Academic --- Natural sciences --- Science - Asia, Central - History - To 1500
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This study analyzes the readership of a work commonly known as a Speculum astronomiae from the time of its production in the mid-thirteenth century to the point when it lapsed from learned discourse to in the late fifteenth century.
Astrology -- History. --- Astrology. --- Astronomy. --- Occultism and science --- Astrology --- Science, Medieval --- Social Sciences --- Parapsychology & Occult Sciences --- Medieval science --- Science and occultism --- Science --- History --- Albertus, --- Albert, --- Alberthus, --- Alberto, --- Albertus Magnus, --- Magnus Albertus, --- Velikiĭ Albert, --- Speculum astronomiae.
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The European 'dark ages' in the millennium 500 to 1500 CE was a bright age of scientific achievements in China, India and the Middle East. The contributors to this volume address the implications of this seminal era of Asian science for comparative and connective science studies. Although such studies have generally adopted a binary perspective focusing on one or another of the Asian (Chinese, Indian, Islamic) civilizations, this study brings them together into a single volume within a wider Eurasian perspective. Moreover, by drawing together historical, philosophical, and sociological dimensions into one volume it promotes a richer understanding of how Eurasian connections and comparisons in the millennium preceding the modern era can illuminate the birth and growth of modern science. Contributors are Arun Bala, Andrew Brennan, James Robert Brown, George Gheverghese Joseph, Henrik Lagerlund, Norva Y.S. Lo, Roddam Narasimha, Hyunhee Park, Franklin Thomas Perkins, Hans Pols, Kapil Raj, Sundar Sarukkai, Mohd. Hazim Shah, Geir Sigurðsson and Cecilia Wee.
Science, Medieval. --- Middle Ages. --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- Middle Ages --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medievalism --- Renaissance --- Medieval science --- History
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